Glucosamine, a common over-the-counter joint supplement, may accelerate the progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease, according to a new study from the University of Florida (UF Health). Researchers found that glucosamine users had a 25% higher likelihood of developing dementia compared to non-users.
The Research
Published June 9 in Nature Metabolism, the study analyzed deidentified UF Health records from 2012 to 2024 using artificial intelligence. Among 1,896 patients with Alzheimer's and related dementias (ADRD) and 2,750 with MCI, about 8% reported taking glucosamine. After adjusting for age, sex, and demographics, glucosamine use was associated with a 25% greater risk that MCI patients would develop dementia. Additionally, among those already diagnosed with ADRD, glucosamine use was linked to a 25% increase in mortality risk.
Lead author Ramon Sun, Ph.D., director of the Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research, noted, "A lot of these people actively take an over-the-counter supplement that could be making their disease progression worse." The team also used advanced spatial analysis to examine brain tissue from humans and mouse models, identifying a protein and sugar-tagging pathway that is overactive in Alzheimer's. Glucosamine, a sugar-related molecule that crosses the blood-brain barrier, may fuel this pathway.
Why It Matters
With about 7 million Americans living with Alzheimer's, many older adults take glucosamine for joint pain without knowing its potential risks. This study suggests that metabolic dysfunction—not just plaques and tangles—plays a key role in neurodegeneration. The findings do not prove causation but highlight the need for caution, especially for those with cognitive concerns.
What You Can Do
If you or a loved one has MCI or a family history of Alzheimer's, discuss supplement use with a doctor. Prioritize evidence-based brain health strategies like a balanced diet, regular exercise, and cognitive stimulation. Stay informed as more research unfolds.
Source: ScienceDaily Mind & Brain
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