A class of flu medications may help slow cognitive decline and premature aging in people living with chronic viral infections, according to new research from Northwestern University. The study, published in Med on June 5, 2026, identifies a novel biological mechanism involving the breakdown of protective sugar molecules called glycans, which fuels inflammation and memory loss.
What the Research Found
Led by Dr. Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen, the team analyzed blood samples from over 100 HIV-positive individuals enrolled in the AIDS Clinical Trials Group. They discovered that degradation of glycans — anti-inflammatory sugar structures attached to blood proteins — was strongly linked to cognitive decline. At least 25% of people with HIV experience memory and thinking problems, even with effective antiretroviral therapy.
In lab experiments, the researchers used sialidase inhibitors (the same class as Tamiflu) to block host enzymes that break down glycans. In cellular and mouse models, this preserved the glycan structures, lowered inflammation markers, reversed signs of premature aging, and protected memory circuits.
Interestingly, the loss of protective glycans differed by sex: men showed a steady linear decline, while women maintained robust anti-inflammatory profiles until a rapid shift around menopause.
Why It Matters for Your Brain
While the study focused on HIV, chronic inflammation underlies many age-related conditions, including dementia. The findings suggest that repurposing existing flu drugs could offer a new approach to protect the brain from aging-related decline. However, the researchers caution that further studies are needed to determine appropriate dosing and long-term safety.
What You Can Do
For now, the best ways to support your brain health include maintaining a balanced diet, regular exercise, and staying cognitively active. If you have a chronic condition, work closely with your healthcare provider to manage inflammation levels.
Source: Neuroscience News
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